doi: 10.52899/24141437_2026_02_167
UDK: 621.64

Evolution of submarine diving and surfacing systems

Тимофеев О. Я., Аверьянов Д. Л.
Article language:
Citation Link: Averianov DL, Timofeev OYa. Evolution of Submarine Diving and Surfacing Systems. Transactions of the Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University. 2026;5(2):167–174. DOI: 10.52899/24141437_2026_02_167 EDN: NKACBK

Annotation

The diving and surfacing system is one of the most important submarine systems, directly ensuring the ship damage control. The continuous development of this system remains relevant to this day: to increase its reliability and efficiency, design improvements are being developed and implemented, and system components and assemblies are being updated. This review analyzes the operational experience of previously designed systems in order to develop proposals for modernization and further development paths for currently existing and operating systems. The article describes the evolutionary development of the diving and surfacing systems of second-, third-, and fourth-generation submarines, the principles of their design and construction, and clearly demonstrates how the implemented changes have led to a simplification of the system and increased its reliability by reducing the amount of equipment, fittings, connectors, and pipelines without reducing its functionality. An overview is given of previously used and currently used ventilation valves and kingstons of the main ballast tanks. The design of a newly developed two-position ingston is examined. The main system components are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are listed. A mathematical apparatus for formalizing the assignment of submarine systems to a specific generation is proposed. Keywords: submarine, ingston, main ballast tank, diving and surfacing system, reliability enhancement

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